Captain Marvel
This name gets tossed around a lot in the comic book world. The first Captain Marvel, and arguably the best is the DC version, but that doesn't have anything to do with the list right now.
We already talked a little bit about Photon and her time as Captain Marvel, but we haven't really talked much about the woman who has bounced almost everywhere in the Marvel Universe.
Carol Danvers started her story as a Security Chief with the US Air Force. At some point, she meets the alien-Kree hero, Captain Marvel. During an investigation, she almost dies in an explosion of the Psyche-Magnetron which melds her DNA with the DNA of Captain Marvel. Ms. Marvel (as she is known at that time) was a strong presence in the Marvel Universe, bouncing between titles on a regular basis.
Later in her story, Rogue decided to kill her. Actually, the precog, Destiny, had seen that Ms. Marvel would cause Rogue to leave Mystique and suggested that they kill Ms. Marvel. Unfortunately for Rogue, she overheard that conversation and took it upon herself to do the job. While absorbing Ms. Marvel's powers, something went wrong, and Rogue ended up absorbing everything from Carol leaving Ms. Marvel a blank slate.
After this event, Carol spends some time with the X-men. While battling the Brood in space, Carol is experimented upon by the Brood, and becomes Binary, who has access to the powers of a white hole. After dealing with the Brood, Carol stays in space with the Star Jammers.
An interesting manifestation of Carol happens inside the mind of Rogue. Since Rogue absorbed all that was Carol Danvers, that personality still lingers as a strong presence. Eventually, Carol is even able to take control of Rogue's body from time to time, especially when Rogue has been knocked unconscious or severely hurt.
Recently, Carol has taken on the title and role of Captain Marvel, left by the Kree hero that left it quite a while ago. It still remains to be seen what will happen with the character, but things are looking pretty good at this point.